Investigation of Consumer's Perceptions of Baranka Cafe on Motorway Literature review

Investigation of Consumer's Perceptions of Baranka Cafe on Motorway - Literature review Example Mick, Pettigrew, Pechmann and Ozanne (2011, p.167) note that a brand image is accumulated reflections about an organization’s characters. It is vital for highlighting an organization’s missions and visions. The elements of a constructive brand include an impacting logo that rises to prop an organization’s image. Additionally, Rao (2011, p. 49) argues that a slogan is essential in describing an organization in brief as well as supporting the core values of the same. Consumers use details, in their subconscious, in order to develop a lasting impression about services. In turn, they become subjective associations of the bundle of services that customers would receive in Baranka. An example of brand image, for Baranka, would concern with hygiene. Additionally, the cafe could be identifiable as a sophisticated service group. The idea behind this appeal pertains to the fact that a consumer purchases both a product and a brand. In most circumstances, a customer’s drive towards services would be driven by the brand. Mooji (2009, p 275) highlights of brand positioning statement as vital in a brand image. Kapferer (2008, p. 98) confirms that the brand positioning statement links the internal with the external aspects of a brand. These two aspects are the principal areas of a brand. The internal aspects relate to the same that a company injects for the market. In terms of Baranka, this would refer to the efforts that they would commit in establishing their distinct image upon customers. According to Prideaux, Moscardo & Laws (2006, p. 54), a brand image entails the goals, of brand identity and values, that the company expects upon the impression of the market. It relates to the idea that Baranak would want to convey to its clients. Szwarc (2005, p. 89) notes that Baranka would make extra efforts in providing entertainment to its customers. Breckenfeld (2008, p.34) defines external aspects of a brand as relating to the same that the consumers pe rceive of Baranka’s services. The vitality of brands in daily consumption relate to a desired brand identity. Baranka should strive to transfers its expectations, on image, to the customers. Singh (2007, p. 41) explains that it is vital to note that such a brand would be practical in the long run. Sunder (2011, p. 23) says that in spite of the fact that customers may have imaginary brand images, it is crucial for Baranka to commit efforts in achieving the desired brand identity. Brown (2006, p. 126) notes that it achieves the same by employing marketing mix elements. Marketing mix elements include communication, product, price and distribution. The core part of communication relates to constructive advertising. Cochran (2003, p. 234) notes that Baranka should strive to identify elements that customers highly value. For instance, they would construct an image of convenience to customers. In this perspective, Self and Roche (2012 p. 245) argues that the cafe would be appropriat e for students and employees in their respective breaks. In addition, they would transfer their image expectations by packaging their sandwiches and baguettes in an attractive way. It is vital to note that there is significant competition in coffee packaging. Therefore, it is crucial that Baranka exceptionally designs its beverage tins. Dinnie (2007, p. 123) adds that another principal area, of communication, pertains to use of word of mouth in gaining publicity. Onkvisit & Shaw (2008, p. 278) adds that employees are principal

Models of Teaching Essay Example for Free

Models of Teaching Essay This paper explores the experience of synectics, a teaching model that comes from the informational-processing family. This model is known as the art of enhancing creative thought and through our group experience it has given us proof. Creativity is a huge part of the model and its purpose is to bring out creativity from the students. Synectics brings all children the process of metaphoric thinking known as the foundation of creative thought. As my group and I continued to study the model we discovered great connections and outcomes from teaching a lesson through synectics in two different grade levels. This paper will serve as a reflection from my experience using the synectics model as well as my group experience. Synectics Model In the beginning, my group and I were very puzzled about the model because it was something we were unfamiliar with and it took a while for us to comprehend the book. So, our first thing we decided as a group was to go home and read the chapter and explore the model and do personal research that could benefit our understandings. When Amanda, Tessa, Doug and I met up again we shared what we learned, but once again we remained stuck. My group was still feeling fuzzy about the model because we understood the rational but we did not know how to put it into practice. The Models of Teaching by Joyce, Weil, and Calhoun provided great information and examples but we still had no clue on how and what we were going to conduct a lesson using the model. Amanda and I brought in some lessons that we found on the internet that could be helpful for our group. One of the lessons was called â€Å"Running the Mile† by Jennifer Hoffman and just by reviewing it on my own it clicked and I understood what we needed to do. I know Amanda had an idea but I was not sure about Tessa and Doug because they still seemed unsure. The day we met in class for the last time was when our group asked our instructor for guidance and what she did was read the Synectics part from the Models of Teaching out loud and our group’s light bulb lit up. It was very interesting on how that happened because right after our instructor left the table we began coming up with a plan and lessons. As we group we decided that we were going to carry out two lessons. Doug and Tessa worked together to create a lesson for juniors at Doug’s school while Amanda and I collaborated on lesson for her 6th graders. We decided to carry it this way so we could compare the different outcomes for out final reflection. Once we figured out the synectics model we quickly put together two lessons less than ten minutes and began scheduling dates to teach and observe in the actual classroom. Working with Amanda we talked about an appropriate lesson that could connect to her current theme in the classroom. She mentioned that they will be studying the Holocaust so from there we came up with a lesson that dealt with Adolf Hitler whereas Doug and Tessa created a lesson that involved the Great Depression. Both lessons seemed very interesting and exciting because using the synectics model to teach it had unlimited outcomes. On November 15, I arrived at Amanda’s classroom as an observer and began my note taking. When I got there Amanda shared with me that she taught the lesson to another class of hers and said that it went very well because she got them to compare Hitler to a computer as well as a shark. Synectics consists of six phases and is easy to get confused at first but when it is successfully carried out it offers a creative outcome. I will provide the lesson summary that we will use to conduct the lesson. Lesson Summary: Step One: Phase One- Provide background information over Hitler and the Holocaust. The main resource for this is: http://www. ushmm. org/museum/. This will provide a ton of information over the different groups that were targeted and it provides background information over the process of the Holocaust. Step Two: Significant Question: How is Hitler like a Machine? This will be written on the front board and students will be asked to complete their answers in their journals that are stored in class. This will be a warm up to the lesson that we will be doing. Step Three: As a class, we brainstorm different machines. Students decide on one machine to become. They are to then write what they would do as this machine. Step Four: Compressed Conflict- Write adjectives on the board that describe the machine. Then have a discussion over the antonyms and the adjectives that conflict with one another. Example: Violent versus Quiet. We will then choose these as a class to compare together and discuss. Step Five: Now pick and animal to compare the compressed conflict with. Ask students, how is this animal like the compressed analogy? Example, say we choose a lion. How is a lion both quiet and violent? Step Six: Going back to the Holocaust, how can we compare this animal to a machine? Why is the Holocaust a quiet and violent lion, for example? Students will now gain an understanding of being able to connect Hitler/Holocaust to an animal that they are more familiar with. In the classroom this is what I observed. Phase One: Substantive Input- Teacher provides information on new topic which was carried out by Amanda the day before I came. She provided a PowerPoint about the Holocaust as well as information about Hitler. Phase Two: Direct Analogy- Teacher suggests direct analogy and asks students to describe the analogy. Amanda asks her 6th grade students to create a list of machines and gives them two minutes. These are the machines they came up with disposal, computer, microwave, car, oven, washer, lawn mower, shredder, copy machine, blender, toaster and vacuum. Phase Three: Personal Analogy- Teacher suggests students â€Å"become† the direct analogy. Amanda then tells her students to choose a machine and write about how it would be to be the machine. For example, a student chose a vacuum and this is what she wrote, â€Å"My owner always uses me to clean up stuff. In my point of view, I get fed. I am always sucking up all kinds of things like junk etc. Whenever they dump stuff out, I become hungry and it makes me feel like my whole stomach has been taken away. † Phase Four: Comparing Analogies- Students identify and explain the points of similarity between the new material and the direct analogy. Amanda then asks her students to vote on a machine as a class that they will use to compare Hitler with. The class voted on a shredder and came up with a simile. This is what one student wrote, â€Å"Hitler is like a shredder because he killed people and a shredder also kills paper. Also since a shredder sounds torturous, Hitler also tortured people. They are also both powerful. † The students came up with adjectives for the shredder such as hungry, happy, choking, short, powerful. Phase Five: Explaining differences- Students explain where the analogy does not fit. Amanda explained this step as the compressed conflict and had the student create a list of oxymoron from the adjectives in step four. This is what her class came up with†¦ Short vs. Powerful, Choking vs. Happy, Torturous vs. Happy, Choking vs. Hungry. Phase Six: Exploration- Students reexplore the original topic on its own terms. Amanda then gave her students 2 minutes to list some animals. The students listed zebra, tiger, lion, cheetah, pony, and bear. As a class they were told to choose one animal that matched their compressed conflict of being torturous vs. happy. Hence, they all agreed on a lion. Phase seven: Generating Analogies- Students provide their own direct analog y and explore the similarities and differences. Amanda then instructed her students to compare a lion to Hitler. Here are some of the responses her students gave. * â€Å"Hitler is like a lion because they are both like leaders and have followers. They also kill a lot and they are both smart. † * â€Å"Hitler is like a lion because they are both very powerful and vicious. They both kill things they don’t like and are both big leaders and have followers. † For the extension part we agreed that they could illustrate their outcomes if there was extra time available. Overall, the experience of using the model was a success because it brought so much creativity to the table and I was shocked that her class chose a lion for the animal to describe Hitler. I was shocked that no one brought up Lion King the Disney movie, because that movie makes a lot of reference to Hitler and dictatorship. It was very interesting how her students made a connection to it without thinking very hard. The rational of the model synectics gives students an opportunity to express their ideas creatively and make connections with the unknown. As students are prepared to start mixing analogies and similes together to create a connection, it gives students a chance to make a much more interesting connections in their daily writing and for the purpose of this assignment. Using the Holocaust as our main focus to teach about Hitler was an achievement because by overlooking what the students made connections with was obvious that they could express what Hitler felt and acted. In conclusion, this model at first seemed more challenging but after awhile it began to fall into place. It deals with thinking outside the box and for me being a creative person I enjoyed learning about the model and having to teach students to also think outside the box and not be afraid of the unknown outcomes. As a future educator, I feel that this model has been very beneficial and I look forward to utilizing again in my own classroom as writing warm ups to new stories or materials. This model helps students make connections with their background knowledge as well as concepts they are unfamiliar with and it also challenges them to bring their creativity out. Reference Joyce, B. , Weil, M. , amp; Calhoun, E. (2009). Models of teaching.

The Individual Versus Society in Kerouac and Ginsberg Essay -- Allen G

The Individual Versus Society in Kerouac and Ginsberg    One theme that is prevalent throughout much of the literature we have covered so far is that it is very critical of the conformist values of late 1950s society. In an era of Levittowns and supermarkets and the omnipresent television, there was a call to leave the conformist suburban culture in search of something higher. Two major proponents of the individual as opposed to society were Jack Kerouac and Allen Ginsberg, two of the central figures in the Beat movement. Through their work one can gain a perspective on the anti-conformity spirit that was brewing under the surface in the Beat culture. The Dharma Bums, by Jack Kerouac, tells us through the mouth of Ray Smith about his time with Japhy the Zen Lunatic. His narrative depicts a critique of modern culture, with its demands, expectations, and plastic rewards. Even the title of the book suggests this, as the Buddhist word Dharma means one's niche, or spiritual duty in the universe. Thus a Dharma Bum would be one whose natural place in the world, where he rightly belongs, is living the life of a transient. In other words, Kerouac is saying that there is no shame in a life which is outside of the normal realm of society, if this is where one's life takes them. One central theme of The Dharma Bums is Buddhism. One of the most important things to note about the religion in this book is the two forms it takes, and the significance these forms have on the plot and meaning of the book. Ray Smith is a neophyte in the school of Theraveda Buddhism, which is a school dedicated to movement towards enlightenment. Under the teaching of the Theraveda canon, everything a person does should be done with the end goal of perso... ...the top of the mountain and climbing still higher. However, Ginsberg sees desolation and the decay of our society into a homogenous, conformist slop. The reason for this difference could be attributed to their particular situations; while both were climbing higher and higher both in the Beat circles and in the literary world, Ginsberg was still confronting his own sexuality and past. At any rate, however, it becomes clear through the readings of these poets that both were proponents of the individual, and that both condemned conformity. By the late 1950s, the main question on the minds of these men would be whether we could rise above the "faceless wonderless crapulous civilization." Works Cited Allen, Donald, ed. The New American Poetry 1945-1960. Berkely, CA.: U. of California P., 1999. Kerouac, Jack. The Dharma Bums. New York: The Penguin Group, 1976.

3d Printing Essay

3D PRINTING TECHNOLOGY Contents: 1. Introduction 2. History Of 3D Printing 3. Current 3D Printing Technologies 4. The Basic Process Of 3D Printing 5. 3D Printing VS Conventional Technologies 6. Applications 7. Conclusion Introduction 3Dimensions printing is a method of converting a virtual 3D model into a physical object. 3D printing is a category of rapid prototyping technology. 3D printers typically work by printing successive layers on top of the previous to build up a three dimensional object. The past decade has witnessed the emergence of new manufacturing technologies that build parts on a layer-by-layer basis. Using these technologies, manufacturing time for parts of virtually any complexity is reduced considerably. In other words, it is rapid. Rapid Prototyping Technologies and Rapid Manufacturing offer great potential for producing models and unique parts for manufacturing industry. A few years ago, to get some prototyping work done for a product or design you are working on, you are required to spend a lot of man-hours just to come up with the model. Those hours will be spent creating miniature parts of your design using wood and then gluing all those parts together painstakingly. Prototyping is, at the very least, time-consuming and extremely tedious. These days, however, you can take the tediousness and the time investment out of your prototyping tasks through rapid prototyping or 3d printing. 3D printing is a revolutionary method for creating 3D models with the use of inkjet technology. Many engineers have even dubbed 3D printing as the process of creating something out of nothing. Thus, the reliability of products can be increased; investment of time and money is less risky. Not everything that is thinkable today is already workable or available at a reasonable price, but this technology is fast evolving and  the better the challenges, the better for this developing process. The term Rapid prototyping (RP) refers to a class of technologies that can automatically construct physical models from Computer-Aided Design (CAD) data. It is a free form fabrication technique by which a total object of prescribed shape, dimension and finish can be directly generated from the CAD based geometrical model stored in a computer, with little human intervention. Rapid prototyping is an â€Å"additive† process, combining layers of paper, wax, or plastic to create a solid object. In contrast, most machining processes (milling, drilling, grinding, etc.) are â€Å"subtractive† processes that remove material from a solid block. RP’s additive nature allows it to create objects with complicated internal features that cannot be manufactured by other means. In addition to prototypes, RP techniques can also be used to make tooling (referred to as rapid tooling) and even production-quality parts (rapid manufacturing). For small production runs and complicated objects, rapid prototyping is often the best manufacturing process available. Of course, â€Å"rapid† is a relative term. Most prototypes require from three to seventy-two hours to build, depending on the size and complexity of the object. This may seem slow, but it is much faster than the weeks or months required to make a prototype by traditional means such as machining. These dramatic time savings allow manufacturers to bring products to market faster and more cheaply. 3D PRINTING: MAKING THE DIGITAL REAL Imagine a future in which a device connected to a computer can print a solid object. A future in which we can have tangible goods as well as intangible services delivered to our desktops or highstreet shops over the Internet. And a future in which the everyday â€Å"atomization† of virtual objects into hard reality has turned the mass pre-production and stock-holding of a wide range of goods and spare parts into no more than an historical legacy. Such a future may sound like it is being plucked from the worlds of Star Trek. However, whilst transporter devices that can instantaneously deliver us to remote locations may remain a fantasy, 3D printers capable of outputting physical objects have been in development for over two decades. What’s more, several 3D printers are already on the market. Available from companies including Fortus, 3D Systems, Solid Scape, ZCorp, and Desktop Factory, these amazing devices produce solid, 3D objects from computer data in roughly the  s ame way that 2D printers take our digital images and output hardcopy photos. History Of 3D Printing The technology for printing physical 3D objects from digital data was first developed by Charles Hull in 1984. He named the technique as Stereo lithography and obtained a patent for the technique in 1986.While Stereo lithography systems had become popular by the end of 1980s, other similar technologies such as Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) and Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) were introduced.In 1993, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) patented another technology, named â€Å"3 Dimensional Printing techniques†, which is similar to the inkjet technology used in 2D Printers.In 1996, three major products, â€Å"Genisys† from Stratasys, â€Å"Actua 2100† from 3D Systems and â€Å"Z402† from Z Corporation were introduced.In 2005, Z Corp. launched a breakthrough product, named Spectrum Z510, whichwas the first high definition color 3D Printer in the market.Another breakthrough in 3D Printing occurred in 2006 with the initiation of an open source project , named Reprap, which was aimed at developing a self-replicating 3D printer. 3. Current 3D Printing Technologies Most commercially available rapid prototyping machines use one of six techniques. At present, trade restrictions severely limit the import/export of rapid prototyping machines, so this guide only covers systems available in the U.S. 3.1 Stereo lithography Patented in 1986, stereolithography started the rapid prototyping revolution. The technique builds three-dimensional models from liquid photosensitive polymers that solidify when exposed to ultraviolet light. As shown in the figure below, the model is built upon a platform situated just below the surface in a vat of liquid epoxy or acrylate resin. A low-power highly focused UV laser traces out the first layer, solidifying the model’s cross section while leaving excess areas liquid. Next, an elevator incrementally lowers the platform into the liquid polymer. A sweeper re-coats the solidified layer with liquid, and the laser traces the second layer atop the first. This process is repeated until the prototype is complete. Afterwards, the solid part is removed from the vat and rinsed clean of excess liquid.  Supports are broken off and the model is then placed in an ultraviolet oven for complete curing. Because it was the first technique, stereolithography is regarded as a bench mark by which other technologies are judged. Early stereolithography prototypes were fairly brittle and prone to curing-induced warpage and distortion, but recent modifications have largely corrected these problems. Fig 2.1:Stereo lithography 3.2 Laminated Object Manufacturing In this technique, developed by Helisys of Torrance, CA, layers of adhesive-coated sheet material are bonded together to form a prototype.. As shown in the figure below. Fig2.2: Schematic diagram of laminated object manufacturing. A feeder/collector mechanism advances the sheet over the build platform, where a base has been constructed from paper and double-sided foam tape. Next, a heated roller applies pressure to bond the paper to the base. A focused laser cuts the outline of the first layer into the paper and then cross-hatches the excess area (the negative space in the prototype). Cross-hatching breaks up the extra material, making it easier to remove during post-processing. During the build, the excess material provides excellent support for overhangs and thin-walled sections. After the first layer is cut, the platform lowers out of the way and fresh material is advanced. The platform rises to slightly below the previous height, the roller bonds the second layer to the first, and the laser cuts the second layer. This process is repeated as needed to build the part, which will have a wood-like texture. Because the models are made of paper, they m ust be sealed and finished with paint or varnish to prevent moisture damage. Helisys developed several new sheet materials, including plastic, water-repellent paper, and ceramic and metal powder tapes. The powder tapes produce a â€Å"green† part that must be sintered for maximum strength. As of 2001, Helisys is no longer in business. 3.3 Selective Laser Sintering Developed by Carl Deckard for his master’s thesis at the University of Texas, selective laser sintering was patented in 1989. The technique, shown in Fig,  uses a laser beam to selectively fuse powdered materials, such as nylon, elastomer, and metal, into a solid object. Parts are built upon a platform which sits just below the surface in a bin of the heat-fusable powder. A laser traces the pattern of the first layer, sintering it together. The platform is lowered by the height of the next layer and powder is reapplied. This process continues until the part is complete. Excess powder in each layer helps to support the part during the build. SLS machines are produced by DTM of Austin, TX. Fig 2.3: Schematic diagram of selective laser sintering. 3.4 Fused Deposition Modeling In this technique, filaments of heated thermoplastic are extruded from a tip that moves in the x-y plane. Like a baker decorating a cake, the controlled extrusion head deposits very thin beads of material onto the build platform to form the first layer. Fig2.4: schematic diagram of fused deposition modeling. The platform is maintained at a lower temperature, so that the thermoplastic quickly hardens. After the platform lowers, the extrusion head deposits a second layer upon the first. Supports are built along the way, fastened to the part either with a second, weaker material or with a perforated junction. 3.5 Solid Ground Curing Developed by Cubital, solid ground curing (SGC) is somewhat similar to stereolithography (SLA) in that both use ultraviolet light to selectively harden photosensitive polymers. Unlike SLA, SGC cures an entire layer at a time. Figure 5 depicts solid ground curing, which is also known as the solider process. First, photosensitive resin is sprayed on the build platform. Next, the machine develops a photomask (like a stencil) of the layer to be built. This photomask is printed on a glass plate above the build platform using an electrostatic process similar to that found in photocopiers. The mask is then exposed to UV light, which only passes through the transparent portions of the mask to selectively harden the shape of the current layer. Fig 2.5: Schematic diagram of solid ground curing. After the layer is cured, the machine vacuums up the excess liquid resin and sprays wax in its place to support the model during the build. The top surface is milled flat, and then the process repeats to build the next layer. When the part is complete, it must be de-waxed by immersing it in a solvent bath. SGC machines are distributed in the U.S. by Cubital America Inc. of Troy, MI. The machines are quite big and can produce large models. 3.6 3D Printing Ink-Jet Printing refers to an entire class of machines that employ ink-jet technology. The first was 3D Printing (3DP), developed at MIT and licensed to Soligen Corporation, Extrude Hone, and others. The ZCorp 3D printer, produced by Z Corporation of Burlington, MA is an example of this technology. As shown in Figure 6a, parts are built upon a platform situated in a bin full of powder material. An ink-jet printing head selectively deposits or â€Å"prints† a binder fluid to fuse the powder together in the desired areas. Unbound powder remains to support the part. The platform is lowered, more powder added and leveled, and the process repeated. When finished, the green part is then removed from the unbound powder, and excess unbound powder is blown off. Finished parts can be infiltrated with wax, CA glue, or other sealants to improve durability and surface finish. Typical layer thicknesses are on the order of 0.1 mm. This process is very fast, and produces parts with a slightly grainy surface. ZCorp uses two different materials, a starch based powder (not as strong, but can be burned out, for investment casting applications) and a ceramic powder. Machines with 4 color printing capability are available. 3D Systems’ version of the ink-jet based system is called the Thermo-Jet or Multi-Jet Printer. It uses a linear array of print heads to rapidly produce thermoplastic models (Figure 6d). If the part is narrow enough, the print head can deposit an entire layer in one pass. Otherwise, the head makes several passes. Sanders Prototype of Wilton, NH uses a different ink-jet technique in its Model Maker line of concept modelers. The machines use two ink-jets (see Figure 6c). One dispenses low-melt thermoplastic to make the model, while the other prints wax to form supports. After each layer, a cutting tool mills the top surface to uniform height. This yields extremely good accuracy, allowing the machines to be used in the jewelry industry. Ballistic particl e manufacturing, depicted in  Figure 6b, was developed by BPM Inc., which has since gone out of business. Fig 2.6: Schematic diagrams of ink-jet techniques. 4. The Basic Process of 3D Printing Although several rapid prototyping techniques exist, all employ the same basic five-step process. The steps are: 1. Create a CAD model of the design 2. Convert the CAD model to STL format 3. Slice the STL file into thin cross-sectional layers 4. Construct the model one layer atop another 5. Clean and finish the model CAD Model Creation: First, the object to be built is modeled using a Computer-Aided Design (CAD) software package. Solid modelers, such as Pro/ENGINEER, tend to represent 3-D objects more accurately than wire-frame modelers such as AutoCAD, and will therefore yield better results. The designer can use a pre-existing CAD file or may wish to create one expressly for prototyping purposes. This process is identical for all of the RP build techniques. Conversion to STL Format: The various CAD packages use a number of different algorithms to represent solid objects. To establish consistency, the STL (stereolithography, the first RP technique) format has been adopted as the standard of the rapid prototyping industry. The second step, therefore, is to convert the CAD file into STL format. This format represents a three-dimensional surface as an assembly of planar triangles, â€Å"like the facets of a cut jewel.† 6 The file contains the coordinates of the vertices and the direction of the outward normal of each triangle. Because STL files use planar elements, they cannot represent curved surfaces exactly. Increasing the number of triangles improves the approximation, but at the cost of bigger file size. Large, complicated files require more time to pre-process and build, so the designer must balance accuracy with manageability to produce a useful STL file. Since the STL format is universal, this process is identical for all of the RP build techniques. Slice the STL File: In the third step, a pre-processing program prepares the STL file to be built. Several programs are available, and most allow the user to adjust the size, location and orientation of the model. Build orientation is important for several reasons. First, properties of rapid prototypes vary from one coordinate direction to another. For example,  prototypes are usually weaker and less accurate in the z (vertical) direction than in the x-y plane. In addition, part orientation partially determines th e amount of time required to build the model. Placing the shortest dimension in the z direction reduces the number of layers, thereby shortening build time. The pre-processing software slices the STL model into a number of layers from 0.01 mm to 0.7 mm thick, depending on the build technique. The program may also generate an auxiliary structure to support the model during the build. Supports are useful for delicate features such as overhangs, internal cavities, and thin-walled sections. Each RP machine manufacturer supplies their own proprietary pre-processing software. Layer by Layer Construction: The fourth step is the actual construction of the part. Using one of several techniques (described in the next section) RP machines build one layer at a time from polymers, paper, or powdered metal. Most machines are fairly autonomous, needing little human intervention. Fig 3.2 Layer by Layer Construction Clean and Finish: The final step is post-processing. This involves removing the prototype from the machine and detaching any supports. Some photosensitive materials need to be fully cured before use. Prototypes may also require minor cleaning and surface treatment. Sanding, sealing, and/or painting the model will improve its appearance and durability. 3D printing VS Conventional Technologies 3DP does not—and will not—replace completely conventional technologies such NC and high-speed milling, or even hand-made parts. Rather, one should regard 3DP as one more option in the toolkit for manufacturing parts. Figure depicts a rough comparison between 3DP and milling regarding the costs and time of manufacturing one part as a function of part complexity10. It is assumed, evidently, that the part can be manufactured by either technology such that the material and tolerance requirements are met. Fig5.1: 3DP vs. conventional machining Application of 3D printers The concept of custom manufacturing is exciting to nearly everyone, but it always seems to be something that will happen in the â€Å"future†. Gibson was right and the following list of applications for 3D printers show the truth in the saying â€Å"The future is here. It’s just not evenly distributed yet.† The following items are all available for purchase or are being used in industry now. We are still a long way from Replicators like the ones from Star Trek: The Next Generation, but we probably won’t have to wait til the 24th century either. 1. Art 3D printing allows artists to create objects that would be incredibly difficult, costly, or time intensive using traditional processes. These sculptures by Bathsheba Grossman are exquisitely complex and manufactured using a laser sintering process. 2. Action Figures Blood Elves and band mates can both be brought to life using 3D printers. These two were created using Zcorp. machines which apply glue ink and powder in fine layers slowly creating a replica of one of your characters. Figure Prints allows you to create characters from Warcraft, Rock band and Spore printing services are coming soon. A number of other sites allow you to pull data from Second Life and your own 3D programs. 3. Jewelry Jewelry makers were some of the first to use 3D printing in their manufacturing process, however they do not use metal printers, but rather ones that use wax. In a process called â€Å"investment casting† a piece of jewelry is sculpted or printed out of wax. Plaster is then poured on either side. Molten metal is poured onto the wax which melts out leaving a metal version of your wax sculpt in its place in the plaster. This piece is then finished and polished by a jeweler. Many independent jewelers have been using high tech printers in their businesses and an innovative company called Paragon Lake has combined this process with web based design tools to offer an infinite inventory to the masses of jewelry stores. 4. Hearing Aids 3D printers can also make things more functional. In the case of hearing aids  a cast of your ear canal is made. The casting is digitized using a 3D scanner and a perfect replica of your ear is printed from that ensuring a great fit and improving the quality. 5. Prototypes Prototyping in product development is currently the biggest use of 3D printing technology. These machines allow designers and engineers to test out ideas for dimensional products cheaply before committing to expensive tooling and manufacturing processes. 6. Home Decor Home goods are structurally simple but endlessly decorative and are perfect matches for 3D printing. This service, called â€Å"Shapeways Creator† allows you to create products like this lamp with any selection of words that have relevance to you (wedding vows, a favorite poem, etc.). Another company called JuJups allows you to make a customized picture frame using intelligent design tools and a zCorp printer. 7. Models Sales folks lives get much easier when you can have models like this of your product printed up for show and tell. 8. Components/Manufacturing Many of the examples so far are somewhat gimmicky or decorative, However in some industries 3D printing is displacing traditional manufacturing entirely. In the left hand picture a surgical knee replacement implant has been designed and manufactured to fit a patient’s joint perfectly. On the right, high tolerance engine parts were printed using a process called â€Å"Electron Beam Melting† and finished with traditional machining processes. While not the norm these uses begin to suggest what is possible in medicine and industry. 9. Medicine 3D World of Warcraft characters are cool, but these tools have the power to help save lives. Surgeons are using 3d printers to print body parts for reference before complicated surgeries. Other 3D printers are used to create bone grafts for patients who have suffered traumatic injuries. Looking further in the future scientist are working on PRINTING replacement organs. Personal Fabrication indeed! 3D Printing Essay 3D Printing Today and Tomorrow I chose to do my research paper on 3D printing, were we are today and what the future looks like. While researching this project I learned that 3D printing has been around since the 80’s, and that it is also known as additive manufacturing. I chose this topic for a few reasons; first off this is a topic that has interested me fo a while now and I enjoy learning more about it. I believe this technology is going to have a huge impact on our future, like the computer, and the internet it will change the way we do things. I like that its impact is not limited to one area. I highlight in my project seven different areas that 3D printing is already being used and is reshaping those industries. One of these industries is architecture, construction, and engineering. Architects are using 3D printing to save time when putting together their scale models. In the future there will be no limitations to their designs; the reason for this being that construction companies are now experimenting with 3D printing to build parts of buildings. They have started to print using concrete and have been able to print up some wild angles and designs. These were difficult to pull off before because it was hard to make the form to pour the concrete. In the future architects and project managers will be able to work together and print sections of a building in one location, then move and assemble on sight. Just like architects, engineers are using 3D printing to print up scale models of their designs. With the advances in this technology they are able to print these items with moving and working parts. Another one of these industries is the automotive and aerospace industry. In the automotive industry, designers will be able to print up models. Auto makers have also been able to print parts, and have successfully printed a whole working car. In the future 3D printers will be more common in the average home, because of this consumers will be able to go online and print  up certain types of replacement parts. This will be nice especially when it comes to hard to find or dealer only parts. The same will go for the aerospace industry as far as being able to print models, and replacement parts. NASA will be launching a mission soon were they will be sending a 3D printer in to space, and they will test printing in zero gravity. If they are successful this will mean that they can put a 3D printer on their shuttles and print parts in space. This will cut down on the weight in the shuttles when they launch but still allow them to print supplies while in space. The Military is using this technology the same way. They have started testing 3D printing while in the field. Just like the aerospace industry, the ability to print in the field will cut down on the amount of supplies they have to carry. It will also give them the ability to print and repair vehicles and machinery while out in the field. There are a few problems when it comes to this industry, the main one being weapons. Fully functional guns have been printed, they have done this using materials other than metal. The government and DOD has made it illegal for anyone to print guns, and they have ordered all open source instructions to be removed from the internet. However officials fear that the problem will be that just like music, movies, programs, and other online files that are shared it will not keep these plans out of the hands of people who really want to get them. An exciting industry that this technology is changing is the medical and dental field. Dentist are already using this tech to print dentures using x-rays and scans to perfectly match the patience. In the medical field they have successfully printed bone fragments, more specifically part of a skull and a human jaw bone. Doctors have used these items in patents. In China they have developed a printer that uses human cells. This was made with the intent to one day print human replacement organs. The thought behind this is they would be able to print an organ using your DNA, therefore your body would not reject it, and you would not have to wait as long for a transplant. Doctors have successfully printed a working heart valve, and they expect the FDA to approve usage of these within the next year. The current method is to use heart valves from pigs, and those only have a 3year  lifespan, again by using your cells and DNA to make these parts your body will accept them and they will last longer. I was surprised to hear that this tech is being used in the fashion industry. Designers are using this to print wild looking clothes, shoes, head ware, and jewelry. As printers become more common in our households we will be able to do the same. Imagine being able to go online to a designers web site or even designing your own clothes and printing them up at home. The other nice thing would be the ability to print clothing and accessories that are a custom fit to you. I read an article were a history teacher in Europe used 3D printing to print replicas of ancient Egyptian artifacts so that he could give his class a more hands on approach to learning. I thought how awesome the possibilities will be for education, they will be able to use it for everything from printing supplies to doing what this teacher did and giving students the ability to observe items that we normally would not be able to touch. This would also open up learning opportunities to teach people how to design and use this technology. The opportunities will be endless, especially for the trade schools that deal with architecture, engineering, automotive, art & design, culinary, and many more. The culinary industry was another industry I was surprised to find this tech, however it does make sense. 3D printing is being used now to make elaborate food designs using semi liquids like chocolate and cheese. They are also able to design and print molds for gelatins, and cakes. Just like in the medical field scientist hope to be able to use bio printers to print food like meats, fruits, and veggies. I am not sure how ready we are to eat 3D printed food, but who knows in the future this may become the norm. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_printing http://www.linkedin.com/today/post/article/20131031142926-48342529-the-future-of-3d-printing http://www.explainingthefuture.com/3dprinting.html http://techcrunch.com/2013/10/02/gartner-3d-printer-market-forecast/

Organizational Impact Paper Essay

Both manufacturing and the service industry drive today’s economy, not only domestically but globally. Innovation, design, and creativity are essential to each organizational type. A company must find its niche and create a name for itself that differentiates itself from all others within its branding. By having the creativity to take another company to the next level all three aspects must be balanced. The restaurant industry is very complex and offers a great variety to customers. Innovation, design, and creativity can be seen in each company. Restaurants include everything from fast food settings to fine dining, inexpensive to expensive pricing, American food to Asian cuisine. The restaurant industry strictly caters to the needs and wants of the public. Fast food has become a necessity with the growing fast pace of life. Companies such as McDonalds, Five Guys, Taco Bell, and Subway have not only created different menus in relation to daily meals but also have created a healthier choice menu. Offering different varieties is a form of innovation. Innovating new concepts and ideas will create a name and buzz that will be beneficial to the company. For example, when Wendy’s created the first value menu in 1989, items were 99 cents (â€Å"Wendy’s â€Å", 2013). This was innovative and created an option for those on a tight budget. With the popularity of the value menu other chains followed suit including, Taco Bell, McDonalds, and Burger King. Designing of a menu, concept, building, even a drive through is important to the restaurant industry. Design goes down to specific details and even reasons why colors are chosen. For example, researchers have discovered the color red makes people hungry (Buswell, 2013). It is very common to drive past several chains and notice they all share some sort of red color in the logo or building structure. Designing a menu that caters to a crowd with dietary restrictions is growing ever more popular. By creating a dietary menu options are given to those that may not usually patron a chain. This creates new customers and more profit for a restaurant. Creativity is also important within the service industry. With a growing list of options to choose from to dine there has to be an element of creativity to attract customers. Restaurants such as Black Angus  Steakhouse offer a mailing club that sends out a free birthday meal up to 20.99 for anyone that signs up for coupons and emails (â€Å"Black Angus†, 2013). Not only does this bring people in that may only go out to a nice sit down steakhouse a few times a year but it also provides an incentive to return, as w ell as spend money in the restaurant. By giving a coupon or free item customers feel as though they are getting a deal and tend to spend more money since they are already saving somewhere else. Restaurants hope that offering deals will not only create a reoccurring guest, but the savings will entice consumers to purchase a dessert, cocktail, or add on item. The same three principles go for manufacturing companies such as General Motors Corporation. General Motors offers a multitude of designs including Chevrolet, Buick, Cadillac, and GMC. GM prides itself on being creative and innovative within its industry. According to â€Å"General Motors Corporation† (2014), â€Å"We challenge ourselves to be creative and lead in everything we do† (Our Company). Having a clear innovative approach has shown beneficial throughout the economic struggle. Learning and offering new concepts has helped secure GM within the car manufacturing industry. Listening to consumer’s needs and wants when purchasing a vehicle have been heard. Creating a new design concepts not only in the factory but in the car lots can help with sales. Finding the most cost efficient way of producing a vehicle, marketing to a specific genre of people, and creating life time customers is the goal. Each year new concept cars or upgrades are made to the previous year’s model. By updating and adapting features, consumer interest grows. A new design in Arizona offers clients the opportunity to get a haircut, pedicure, lunch, and offer daycare at no cost when in the market for a new car. The Toyota Company has created a more relaxed approach to the buying of a vehicle. This is an unheard of approach that General Motors could learn from. By providing an environment that is relaxed and enjoyable consumers may be more inclined to visit that dealership. All three concepts can be easily defined in each industry. Although, this is just an overview of how the three principles all work together, the principles run deeply through the core of the company. Creativity, innovation, and design spread throughout each branch within a company. When one department excels within these principles great things can be created, and new ideas can blossom. The future for the restaurant industry and manufacturing industry look bright and promising for years to come, as long as new ideas, and concepts and created.

The Functions Of Community Mental Health Social Work Essay Essay Example

The Functions Of Community Mental Health Social Work Essay Essay Example The Functions Of Community Mental Health Social Work Essay Essay The Functions Of Community Mental Health Social Work Essay Essay This bureau study will concentrate upon the intent and maps of a Community Mental Health Team ( Older People ) ( CMHT ( OP ) ) . It will research the responsibilities and duties of the squad, trying to analyze the CMHT ( OP ) part to run intoing the demands of their service users. Outline of the Agency. Based in the north-east of England, this CMHT ( OP ) is one of five vicinity squads, who are portion of a model lending to the proviso of specialist mental wellness services for older people, within this distinguishable geographical country. Basically, a multidisciplinary squad supplying intervention and support for older people with complex and/or long term mental wellness jobs and their carers within the community, directed through an appraisal of demands upon referral. The squad consists of three community psychiatric nurses ( CPNs ) , two societal workers and societal work helper, who carryout such appraisals of demands under the way of the Care Programme Approach ( CPA ) and Single Assessment Process ( SAP ) . Whilst, an occupational healer ( OT ) and an occupational therapy helper ( OTA ) utilise the appraisal procedure to back up in the proviso of specialist equipment to ease rehabilitation. The support worker helps the service user with practical demands in order to back up t heir recovery. A Principal Social Worker is straight responsible for the direction of the societal work staff and they are in bend accountable to the Local Authority s ( LA ) Community Partnership Manager. The CPNs and back up worker are managed by a Team Manager, who is accountable to a Clinical Services Manager from the NHS Foundation Trust. Both the OT and OTA are managed by a Principal Occupational Therapist whom is accountable to an Assistant Commissioning Services Manager from the NHS Foundation Trust. For the intent of this study, it is of import to clear up that the relationship that appears to be between the LA and NHS Foundation Trust is based chiefly upon the joint commissioning of services. The operation of the CMHT ( OP ) is such that the wellness and societal attention professionals who compose the squad operate from the same base, nevertheless, the services they deliver run aboard one another but are non genuinely integrated , as in the entirety depicted by Lingard and Milne ( 2004 ) . Agency Provision within the Policy and Legislative Context. In recent old ages, the demands of older people with mental wellness jobs have been comparatively neglected with support and resources afforded to the spheres of Mental Health and Older Peoples, insufficiently achieving to the alone demands of this group ( Audit Commission, 2002 ; Marshall and Tibbs, 2006 ) . A permissive legislative model nowadayss in run intoing the demands of older people, so, merely those with the most advanced demands appear to profit, with no specific support towards the demands of older people with mental wellness jobs. Yet, the hopes of righting this balance have been set against a background of current policy that strives towards raising criterions, equity, authorization, societal inclusion, bar and partnership ( Department of Health 1998 ; HM Government, 2007 ) . While such rhetoric agreements with the intrinsic beliefs that permeate the value base of societal work ( BASW, 2002 ) , the world of the clime in which they intersect nowadayss an wholly contradic tory discourse in mundane societal work pattern, as will be farther discussed in this study. Notably, the huge array of policy tendencies and statute law which guides the CMHT ( OP ) is founded upon the rule of seamless attention . Basically, supported through wellness and societal attention professionals working together to enable people to populate independently within the community, as outlined within the NHS and Community Care Act ( NHSCCA ) ( 1990 ) . Indeed, the policy jussive mood of integrating between wellness and societal attention was furthermore established with the debut of the National Service Frameworks for Older Peoples ( NSFOP ) ( Department of Health, 2001 ) . Standard 7 of the NSFOP kind to guarantee that older people with mental wellness jobs could entree integrated services for mental wellness which were efficient and effectual in their bringing. Supplemented further through the debut of the SAP, whereby, older people s wellness and societal attention demands were to be responded to in a well reasoned, efficient mode avoiding unneeded duplicate of appra isals from other professionals ( LAC ( 2002 ) 1 ) . At roundabout the same clip as SAP was being introduced, the modernization of the CPA was besides happening with precise mention to the effectual attention co-ordination of the demands of older people with mental wellness jobs ( Department of Health, 1999 ) . Agency policies and processs are a direct reading of such counsel and are farther underpinned by the rules of the Human Rights Act ( 1998 ) and Data Protection Act ( 1998 ) . Further still, the squad must guarantee that older people with mental wellness jobs receive the attention and intervention they need for their ain wellness or safety and for the protection of other people ( Mental Health Act, 1983 ) . Conversely, it is necessary to follow with the Mental Capacity Act ( 2005 ) , determining that the individual has mental capacity ; nevertheless, it should be presumed that the individual does so unless otherwise called into inquiry. Upon referral the squad is duty edge to supply and an appraisal of the service user s demands under the NHSCCA ( 1990 ) . The point of referral, service user s demands and history, find whether or non the appraisal is based upon the SAP or CPA ( Department of Health, 2004 ) . Even though, policy counsel is in topographic point to turn to the troubles of the interface between these two appraisals procedures ( Department of Health, 1999 ; Department of Health, 2004 ) , research suggests that it has proved vastly debatable with much duplicate across their boundaries ( Hughes et al, 2001 ) . Intelligibly, a deficiency of comprehension around the application of these tools has lead to uncertainness of professional functions and duties doing defeat and confusion to service users and their carers likewise, as they can be left experiencing that their positions are non readily being listened to ( Care Services Improvement Partnership, 2005 ) . Assessed service users demands must run into with certain eligibility standards, prior to being allocated a service. This is based upon clinical eligibility for wellness co-workers and societal attention co-workers are bound by the Fair Access to Care Services counsel ( FACS ) ( LAC ( 2002 ) 13 ) . FACS counsel sought to develop a more just distribution of services by spliting eligibility into four sets. An single whose demands fall in moderate or low stria will be re-directed through signposting to other services. Upon run intoing the significant or critical sets, a service user will undergo a fiscal appraisal to find their part to service proviso and a attention bundle will be devised to run into their identified demands. The efficaciousness of FACS can be seen as a combative issue, peculiarly in the field of mental wellness service proviso. Recent research by Huxley et Al ( 2008 ) suggests that the incompatibility and confusion around the application of FACS by professionals has resulted in reenforcing a turning separation between the subjects of wellness and societal attention within CMHTs. Soon, the LA steering the operation of the societal attention staff within the CMHT ( OP ) is undergoing a immense restructuring of its services. The Personalisation Agenda and greater integrating between wellness and societal attention is the driving force behind this. It will see personal budgets to be the pillar of service proviso, how successful they will be in run intoing the demands of older people with mental wellness jobs will stay to be seen. I predict that unless there are extra resources targeted towards handiness for this group, uptake will be slow, as in that displayed by Direct Payments ( Department of Health, 2005 ) . Service Users and Their Needs. Service users inhabit what can be categorised as a preponderantly rural country made up of little towns. It is of import to observe this CMHT ( OP ) is runing within the boundaries of a LA identified as one of the most economically deprived in England ( Index of Deprivation, 2007 cited in LA and NHS Trusts, 2009 ) . Appreciably, this service user group is likely to be more exposed to the impact of poorness and societal exclusion which correlates straight with increasing mental wellness jobs. Recognition of such factors coupled with a service user s alone history, should let the context of the service user to be more accurately understood and their demands met. Hence, the CMHT ( OP ) presenting on the person-centred attention so aspired to by the NSFOP ( Department of Health, 2001 ) , and back uping the societal worker value to esteem human self-respect and worth, in peculiar with respect to guaranting that service users and carers participate in decision-making procedures ( British Association of Social Workers, 2002 ) . This CMHT ( OP ) works with people over the age of 65 with a important mental wellness job and those under 65 with a cognitive damage ( early onset dementedness ) life within their boundaries, who appear to be in demand of community attention and/or wellness service proviso. As this is a specialist service for older people, the squad does know apart on the footing of age, though non on gender, ethnicity or faith. However, the construct of category is unfastened to challenge ; if we refer to an person s ability to pay for services, demoing how indirect favoritism may inadvertently happen. Frequently, referrals come straight from GP patterns that are aligned to the CMHT ( OP ) ; internal referrals made from other LA societal services squads or as a consequence of an single petition. The squad besides receives referrals from community infirmaries, whereby, it is perceived that patients will necessitate community attention services upon discharge as laid out by the Community Care ( Delayed Discharges ) Act 2003 ( s2 ) . Similarly, in instances where the patient is due for discharge after being detained under Section 4 of the Mental Health Act ( 1983 ) ( MHA 1983 ) , whilst support duties are located with the NHS, a referral will be made to the squad to run into their responsibility of supplying such services under Section 117 ( MHA 1983 ) . Whilst, funding agreements for service proviso under Section 117 ( MHA 1983 ) mean that services are provided free at the point of bringing to such service users, so, this is non the instance for most societal attention proviso. Obviously, funding agreements for such societal attention services are a important concern for service users and their carers, as they are normally capable to a agencies tested fiscal appraisal. Upon finding a service user s part it may do some people to worsen services, particularly those on the borders of eligibility, even when an evident demand exists ( Marshall and Tibbs, 2006 ) . At this point as a societal worker, confined to the worlds of the structural restraints of the bureau, we should oppugn out ability to keep the values of anti-discriminatory pattern ( Thompson, 2006 ) . We would necessitate to see whether we would merely accept the restraints that we were working within, rationalizing that we would be run intoing some demands and keeping some de gree of effectivity. Otherwise, should we dispute the system and advocator for services on behalf of the service user, concomitantly seeking resoluteness of their demands through any gettable step. Obviously, the latter affords more congruity with our societal work values but it does non truly history for the capacity of an single societal worker to contradict wider affairs of resource allotment and handiness, frequently, beyond their control ( Trevithick, 2005 ) . Partnership. Integration of wellness and societal services was made possible through the flexiblenesss of the Health Act ( 1999 ) ( s31 ) , subsequently replaced by the NHS Act ( 2006 ) ( s75 ) , through the undermentioned steps: Lead commissioning Pooled budgets Integrated proviso These possibilities enabled the formation of the CMHT ( OP ) . Although, joint commissioning has been the preferable endeavor of these spouses and their degree of incorporate proviso is besides questionable. It is of import to place the collaborative relationships which exist with the CMHT ( OP ) and other services ( see Appendix 1 ) . Services and their employees may convey their ain dockets or values which can do clash within and around the interactions between such services. Ultimately, they should be working to run into the demands of their service users to the best of their capablenesss ; unluckily this is non ever the instance. Partnership with service users and their carers is profoundly embedded within the operation of the CMHT ( OP ) . The CMHT ( OP ) collates service user feedback through the usage of questionnaires, studies, meetings and ailments processs that they have in topographic point. However, the success of these tools in regulating alteration in the bringing of services is dependent upon service user and carer consciousness of their possible impact. Frontline employees, who are the chief point of contact for most service users, need to be to the full committed and endeavour towards the publicity of constructive feedback. This is an of import portion of the societal work function given their value base and the duties they have towards service users ( BASW, 2002 ) . Agency Activity: Theories and Methods Within the bureau assorted elements of theories and methods are employed, tailored towards a better apprehension of the service user s state of affairs, the troubles encountered and the context in which they occur. One theoretical position used by the CMHT ( OP ) is based upon the work of Carl Rogers. Roger s relationship-based position ( 1961 ) sought to set up that behind the labels created by society people have their ain strengths and capablenesss ; nevertheless, this can merely be amplified through reliable contact, communicating and relationships. Kitwood ( 1997 ) concurred with such thought and proposed a person-centred attack to the attention of people with dementedness ( Kitwood, 1997 as cited in Jacoby et Al, 2008 ) , enabling the curative relationship to be used as a tool to emancipate the service user s capableness. Kitwood suggested that through person-centred attention people with dementedness were non reduced to the restrictions of dementedness but did in fact enjoy a better quality of life from acknowledgment of their alone personhood ( Kitwood, 1997 cited in Jacoby et Al, 2008 ) . Within the CMHT ( OP ) , societal workers use the relationship to follow an individualized attack to measuring and run intoing the demands of the individual with dementedness, the empowering nature of such an attack agreements with the societal work values of human self-respect and worth ( BASW, 2002 ) . Within the attention program, they support the individual to stay every bit independent as possible but with respect given to run intoing the demands of the individual s disablement as required. The CMHT ( OP ) may set about a task-centred attack to actuate alteration within a relationship-based position. The benefits are such that it is short-run, time-limited, seeking further to heighten the capablenesss of the service user through job resolution in partnership with the practician ( Trevithick, 2005 ) . Research suggests that there are benefits to following this attack with older people, whereby, ends directed at resources that enable the individual to stay within their ain place improve their quality of life ( Challis and Davies, 1989 in Coulshed and Orme, 1998 ) . Crisis theory is employed within the CMHT ( OP ) , when a service user is faced with the trouble imposed by such an event. Distress in otherwise stable fortunes is the definition given to crisis, being that a individual may experience unable to get by because of such alteration ( Chui and Ford, 2000 in Stepney and Ford, 2000 ) . Within this, it is believed that the individual meeting the crisis has the competency for problem-solving but at this precise clip they do non hold the capacity for call uping such operation, at this point the societal worker intervenes. Crisis intercession, ab initio, struggles with our societal work value base as it can be seen to be intrusive and oppressive through application ( Lishman, 2007 ) . Payne ( 2005 ) criticises this intercession for being excessively brief, avoiding the venue of long-run jobs and social unfairnesss. This is important given the multiple subjugations that older people with mental wellness jobs are obviously still sing within socie ty ( Brooker, 2008 in Jacoby et Al, 2008 ) . Appropriately, the CMHT ( OP ) appreciates this point and is able to understand the service user s place through an ecological position. By working in partnership with service users, societal workers seek to analyze the structural disadvantage faced by older people with mental wellness jobs and see the wider societal support webs that could be harnessed for their benefit ( Jack and Jack, 2000 in Stepney and Ford, 2000 ) . This meets with the societal work value of advancing societal justness ( BASW, 2002 ) . Measuring the Agency. The squad may transport the rubric CMHT ( OP ) and be runing under a multi-disciplinary, interagency formation but the degree of operation and integrating is badly compromised by the clear divisions bing at both a managerial and operational degree. Evidence suggests that such weaknesss are common amongst such squads ( Audit Commission, 2002 ; Lingard A ; Milne, 2004 ) . A recent survey undertaken by Tucker et Al ( 2009 ) further emphasised that, frequently, societal work staff were non managed by a individual lead for the CMHT ( OP ) , nor did they use the same certification for appraisals as their wellness co-workers. Opportunities to advance joint working were progressively exacerbated by the mutual exclusiveness of IT systems within the squad for sharing information and the absence of an in agreement operational policy for the squad, such incongruousness resonates within this CMHT ( OP ) . Staff within the squad effort to countervail such troubles by furthering good working deali ngss with their fellow co-workers and informally sharing information where IT system restrict entree, whilst still adhering to policies around consent for sharing information. Given the structural lacks of the CMHT ( OP ) , so, we should non undervalue the important degree of support and committedness provided by the professionals within the squad. Neither should we disregard the value this service holds for service users and their carers. One service user commented that we d be lost without [ the societal worker and service ] and we did nt cognize if there was any aid out at that place but [ mentioning to the societal worker ] pointed us in the right way . The CMHT ( OP ) undertakes a batch of valuable preventive work with respects to early sensing and attach toing support for service users and their carers, which proves good in footings of consistence of attention, as an person s illness develops. Unfortunately, the model pattern and benefits of the service are lost in the LA s unequal appraisal of the societal work part. Given that public presentation information associating to work undertaken for older people with mental wellness jobs is non avail able individually as it is included in the information for all older people aged 65 old ages and over ( LA and NHS Trusts, 2009 ) . Decision. Presently, the proposals of a joint scheme for the commissioning of services for older people with mental wellness is doing major service reconfiguration with the purpose of better functioning the demands of the country. This program is seeing the move of this CMHT ( OP ) from its current site to another some 11 stat mis off, at the terminal of this fiscal twelvemonth, 2009/10. Whilst, I can appreciate the demand for reconstituting I can non understand how the demands of this vicinity will be better met by professionals who have to pass more clip going to make them. Surely, it would be better to aim resources at a managerial and operational degree, seeking better communicating between the directors of the squad, so to cut down the sum of duplicate taking topographic point and the cost deduction from this. Futile as this may be, if the issues around the appraisal procedure remain unsolved, but it may be deserving trusting that the recent audience around the possibilities of a Common A ssessment Framework for Adults ( Department of Health, 2009 ) , will travel some manner towards rectifying such jobs.

6 steps on the path to finding your purpose

6 steps on the path to finding your purpose In his commencement speech to the graduating class at Harvard University this past May, Facebook Founder Mark Zuckerberg spoke about the need for purpose. He told graduating seniors, â€Å"Purpose is that sense that we are part of something bigger than ourselves, that we are needed, that we have something better ahead to work for. Purpose is what creates true happiness†¦But it’s not enough to have purpose yourself. You have to create a sense of purpose for others.† Then he went on to describe how his purpose, creating the site that would become Facebook, wasn’t just a way for him to connect to other students- it was a way to connect the entire world. To find your purpose and find meaning in your career, it’s not enough to do stuff that you like or that is important to you. The deeper meaning of purpose, the thing that makes it all worthwhile, is more than just helping yourself thrive and succeed. The most successful and fulfilled people make life easi er or better- for everyone. Bottom line: personal success doesn’t matter that much.If you’re having trouble identifying your purpose, try some of these useful tips.1. Don’t overthink it- just take action.The less you dither and weigh your options and the more you just take big leaps out into the world, the better off you’ll be. Start actually taking steps toward your goals, rather than just daydreaming about doing so. You’ll get out of your own way and come to find out faster what is and isn’t working, and what does and doesn’t matter to you in your life’s pursuit. Action and experience = results.2. Listen to your heart.You know that pesky voice deep within that keeps shouting â€Å"This is what I want to do when I grow up!†? Listen to it. Your heart is both your conscience and your best barometer for what you really want. Let it motivate you to push yourself and explore your opportunities and options.3. Let go of  "The One.†Just like you might fall in love with more than one person over the course of your life, realize that you might fall in love with more than one job, or industry, or career. Be open to things changing and evolving. Focus on doing meaningful things that get you closer to your goals, but be flexible enough to realize when old goals no longer serve who you are and who you want to be.4. Make a vision board.Create something visible that you can refer to when your inspiration needs a boost. Put up aspirational images- ideals of where you want to land in the next few years. What does your life look like when you surround yourself with images that are most attractive to you? Let yourself be free to chose what you are drawn to, then look at it periodically for patterns. You’ll be amazed when themes begin to make themselves clear.5. Study yourself like a subject.What are your hobbies? What can’t you wait to get through your daily tasks to do in your free time? Wha t do you post most about on social media? Observe yourself from an outside perspective and see what you can discern.6. Research what you love.Finding your purpose is more than just figuring out what you are drawn to. You have to learn everything you can about those things. Become an expert. Make sure you know the ins and outs well enough to know whether you could be truly happy spending so many hours of your life and precious energy devoted to that path.The sooner you understand what drives you, the sooner you can orchestrate your life to work toward it. Then, when you pour your energy into that one thing you were made to do, you can use it to help and inspire everyone around you.

Mitchell Surname Meaning and Family History

Mitchell Surname Meaning and Family History The Mitchell surname is a common form or corruption of the given name Michael, meaning big or one who is like God. Mitchell is the 44th most popular surname in the United States and the 15th most common surname in Scotland. Mitchell is also popular in England, coming in as the 51st most common surname. Surname Origin:  Scottish, English, Irish Alternate Surname Spellings:  MICHELL, MICHILL, MACMICHAEL, MACMICHELL, MECHEL, MEITCHEL, MICHISON, MICHIE, MITCHAL, MITCHEL, MICHELSON, MITCHELLSON, MITCHISON, MITCHOL, MITSCHAEL, MITSSCHAL, MITTCHEL, MYCHELL, MYTCHELL, MCMICHAEL, MICHEL Famous People with the MITCHELL  Surname Margaret Mitchell  -  American author, best known for her novel Gone With the WindArthur Mitchell  - first African American Democrat elected to Congress  Maria Mitchell  - first professional female astronomer in the United States; the comet she discovered in 1847 became known as Miss Mitchells CometWilliam Billy Mitchell  - American military aviation pioneer Where Is the MITCHELL Surname Most Common? Mitchell  is the 808th most common surname in the world, according to surname distribution data from  Forebears. It is most prevalent in the United States, where it ranks as the 46th most common last name, and is also common in countries such as England (51st), Australia (37th), Canada (49th), Scotland (23rd) and New Zealand (27th). WorldNames PublicProfiler  indicates the Mitchell surname is especially common in Scotland, as well as Australia, New Zealand, Ireland and the United States. Within Scotland, Mitchell is found in the greatest numbers in northern Scotland, including Moray, Aberdeenshire, Angus, Perth and Kinross, and Fife. There is also a greater percentage of Mitchells in East Ayrshire.   Genealogy Resources for the Surname MITCHELL Mitchell  Family Crest - Its Not What You ThinkContrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Mitchell family crest or coat of arms for the Mitchell surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted.100 Most Common U.S. Surnames Their MeaningsSmith, Johnson, Williams, Jones, Brown... Are you one of the millions of Americans sporting one of these top 100 common last names from the 2000 census? MITCHELL  DNA ProjectMore than  250 members with Mitchell roots in Great Britain, Ireland, South Africa, Australia, France, Germany, Poland, Canada, and the United States,  have joined this project for the Mitchell surname to  work together to find their common heritage through DNA testing and sharing of information. MITCHELL Family Genealogy ForumThis free message board is focused on descendants of Mitchell  ancestors around the world. Search the forum for posts about your Mitchell ancestors, or join the forum and post your own queries.   FamilySearch - MITCHELL GenealogyExplore over 7.2 million  results from digitized  historical records and lineage-linked family trees related to the Mitchell surname on this free website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. MITCHELL Surname Mailing ListFree mailing list for researchers of the Mitchell surname and its variations includes subscription details and a searchable archives of past messages. GeneaNet - Mitchell RecordsGeneaNet includes archival records, family trees, and other resources for individuals with the Mitchell surname, with a concentration on records and families from France and other European countries. The Mitchell  Genealogy and Family Tree PageBrowse genealogy records and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the Mitchell surname from the website of Genealogy Today. Ancestry.com: Mitchell SurnameExplore over 15  million digitized records and database entries, including census records, passenger lists, military records, land deeds, probates, wills and other records for the Mitchell surname on the subscription-based website, Ancestry.com. Source Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998. Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997. Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

Debate the pro' and cons of death penalty Essay

Debate the pro' and cons of death penalty - Essay Example Usage of powerful killing drugs has been now put to use for the extermination of criminals sentenced to capital punishment. There was a time when this noble profession of medicine was used only for the purpose to serve mankind and heal. But now it has taken a new turn and physicians are being turned into executioners with the different techniques evolving for capital punishment. There has been an instant where there has been an excellent example given, the case of the Abu Ghuraib who was the alleged man behind the 9/11 attacks being held prisoner in Guantanamo bay prison where he was tortured by physicians and also that physicians are used for torture prisoners often. Dr. David Waisel, a physician participation in capital punishment proceeding (Mayo Clin Proc.2007; 82(9): 1073-1080), described this in terms of saying that what physicians consider dehumanizing the condemned through torture during execution process. They dehumanize themselves and grow numb to the idea of death and kill ing. John Bright (1811-1899), a British Quaker and member of Parliament, put it thus in 1868 "that it is actually the law of capital punishment tends to destroy the fact that reverence for life finishes". There was thing heading under which the basic idea strewn together was that United States does not permit execution of children. Here the idea that is being projected was that United States has allowed the execution of children. In the biological sense, teenagers are considered as children but the law states that children above the age of 14 are considered as adolescents and are vulnerable to commit capital offense therefore they are also candidates who, if commit crime can be taken care off using capital punishment which the adults get. Considering another heading which state that the barbarism is being disguised as an act of benevolence referring to the physicians being involved and taking up the role of that their respective field doesn't allow. It also discusses the idea that this capital punishment which has now been slowly converting physicians to mere executioners by making them to take potent medicines. A medicine which was at one time meant to cure people is now being used against them. This whole act by physicians is called barbaric and also that this mal practice of medicine is considered to be hypocritical to the oath of medicine and physicians. Saving lives isn't the deed but taking has been nowadays. Instead of easing pain the condemned go through torture and succumb to the ultimate, death. Here Dr David Waisel argues, as to why not make death easier for the condemned using medicine and not increase sufferings. It's the final act of benevolence that could be acted out even if it for the sinner. Article 2 Cathleen Kaveny (2008). Justice or Vengeance: IS THE DEATH PENALTY CRUEL & UNUSUAL February 15, 2008. Commonweal. In this article the author throws light on the very delicate issue of taking the decision as to what lengths should a capital punishment or death penalties go and yet not touch the boundaries of

Recreation & Leisure Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Recreation & Leisure - Article Example In addition, with the rise of the cities and the encroaching cement fields, more Americans seem to desire escaping into the wilderness as a means of letting go, a trend in nearly complete opposition to the needs of their forebears, creating in this shift some troubling issues to overcome. As more sites of interest were discovered, such as the geysers and mudpots of Yellowstone, the national parks were established as a means of preserving the nation’s most breathtaking vistas and natural oddities for all Americans, current and future. With this viewpoint in mind and in keeping with the concepts of the earlier parks, these wildlife or open space parks were designed to cater to the visiting tourist with little regard to ecological concerns or potential human impact on the region and wildlife. â€Å"Current cultural landscapes are products of past perceptions of needs, reactions to conditions and decisions about ways of meeting demands – regardless of whether the landscape in question is urban, agricultural or a development center in a western national park.† Understanding how parks were first envisioned as well as how they developed into national open spaces for unstructured use begins to outline the problems managers face as they try to update a system that has been long neglected, but an understanding of just how the recreational uses of the public has changed is also necessary if today’s changes are to address probably future developments and needs.

Physiology Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Physiology - Research Proposal Example Study also shows that with its faster economic growth, Asia has become the epicenter of the disease. According to Struijs et al. (2006), the causes that have been found to cause diabetes are; lower physical activity, poor nutrition, obesity, high alcohol intake and a higher intake of carbohydrates that have been refined. Another cause of diabetes that has been widely used and brought contradictions is that diabetes is genetically transmitted. Lindsay (2012) points out that diabetes can be prevented through modifications in lifestyle and change in diet. It is from this basis that this paper seeks to find out the main causes behind diabetes. Research questions From this background, the paper wishes to answer the following research questions; what are the major causes of diabetes? Can genetic background increase the vulnerability of one towards the disease? Answering these questions will be of great significance in helping limit the contradictions that underlie the disease. The hypothes es that will be used to test the results are; one’s lifestyle is the major cause of diabetes and that the genetic make-up of an individual accelerates the rate at which one gets the disease. Methods To test the above hypothesis, the study will use the stem cell experiment and laboratory tests on beta cells which are the source of insulin. This will be done in order to determine whether the differences in the level of insulin contribute to diabetes. From the cells, hormonal differences can also be established among blood related respondents in order to determine their vulnerability to the disease. The study aims to examine the differences that exist in the insulin levels between the affected people and those that are not affected. The Cells can also be used to do a DNA analysis in order to bring out the physiological make-up of the respondents clearly. In order to establish whether there is a genetic relation, the study will use individuals who have close blood relations. The hypotheses will be tested differently by using two different studies. The research will comprise of ten respondents with a blood relations in order to come up with accurate results. It will also comprise of 5 laboratory technicians who will be helpful in coming up with accurate analysis of the results. Cell samples will be taken from the respondents and be examined in the laboratory and therefore the results will be collected from the laboratory after the analysis has been done. Another study will be carried on the same respondents in order to identify the differences in lifestyles. Their cells can also be used to show their nutritional differences which will be an indication of lifestyles. In order to come up with effective results, the research will also involve some interview questions in order to determine how the respondents live and what their nutrition is made of. To gauge the genetic differences, the study will measure the insulin levels and also the rate at which the respon dents feed. To come up with objective results, the study will use equal number of respondents in that 5 of them will be male while the other 5 will be female. This is essential in order to establish the genetic differences in male and female in order not to misunderstand the results. Results that can be obtained from such study may be that poor nutrition contributes to diabetes and that people with high eating rates and less physical activity are more likely to be

What significance should transnational actors and processes have for Essay

What significance should transnational actors and processes have for the foreign policy analyst - Essay Example It is mainly the role of the foreign policy analyst who is expected to take into account the transforming nature of the statehood which has been experienced and witnessed in the second part of the 20th century. This is derived from the different insights collected from a number of disciplines that include anthropology, sociology and social psychology. From one of the aspects of IR researchers have questioned the happenings during the last two decades. It has resulted in the argument by various scholars that the processes of privatization, internationalization and trans-nationalization have in a great way resulted in the transformation of how international politics are currently conducted. However, there is great level of competition that is faced by the privileged actors and the foreign offices. These are increasingly faced not only from the available ministries but also the agencies in the governments as well as the non state actors and the international organizations. In this paper, the trends that have resulted to the role and behavior of these actors as well as their processes on the foreign policy analysts and practitioners will be discussed. In addition, it will also analyze the role of the researchers in these activities. Therefore, in this case, a question is presented on the extent to which foreign policy analysis, the sub field of International relations that are actor centric has taken the various related accounts of non states actors who have currently become of growing importance to this subject. The Foreign Policy analysts have made a disapproval of viewing the state as a unitary actor. Because of this the scholars within the field of foreign policy analysis should make appropriate analysis in decision making to involve the non state actors within the first elements of international relations. However, most of the studies have revealed that foreign policy analysis is still focused on the state actors while it tends to

Neutral network and machine learning Research Paper

Neutral network and machine learning - Research Paper Example Problems used to be in form of binary strings of 0s and 1s. Currently, there is usage of other encodings. This evolution normally begins from a group of randomly created phenotypes and this process takes place through generations. During each generation, the fitness of each individual in the population/group is cross examined, multiple phenotypes are chosen from the group as per their fitness and then they are modified and can be randomly mutated to create a new population which is then used in the iteration calculations whose procedure is step-by-step also known as the algorithm. This algorithm is mostly terminated after the production of a maximum number of generations. A fulfilling solution may or may not be accomplished if the algorithm has been terminated when because of a maximum number of generations. The most widely accepted representation of the result is using an array of bits. Any other arrays can be used similarly. What makes the representation that uses genetics convenie nt is the fact that their parts can be aligned conveniently because of their fixed size. This facilitates easy crossover operations. 1.2 Applications and results of Genetic Algorithm 1.2.1Metaheuristic This term is designated from a computational method which optimizes problems through iteration. This iteration tries to improve the solution of a candidate as per a given measure of quality. Few or no assumptions are made about the problem being optimized. As far as candidate solutions are involved it can search very large spaces. However, optimal solutions are not guaranteed to be found by Metaheuristic. Stochastic optimization is mostly implemented in a metaheuristic way. It can also be referred to as: Derivative free Direct search Black box Heuristic optimizer 1.2.2 Computational creativity This is also referred to as artificial, mechanical creativity and sometimes creative computation. It comprises of the bringing together of fields such as cognitive psychology, artificial intelli gence and philosophy. Computational creativity improvises the combinational perspective which allows one to model creativity in form of a search procedure through several possible combinations. These combinations can be as a result of composition of different representations. Cross over representations which capture different inputs can be generated using neural networks and genetic algorithms. 1.2.3 Multiple sequence alignment This refers to a sequence alignment of at least 3 biological sequences namely: Protein Dna Rna Most of the times the sequences are assumed to have an evolutionary relationship through which they are descended from a common ancestor hence share a lineage. As a result, sequence homology can be inferred from the Multiple Sequence Alignment and to look into the sequences’ shared evolutionary origins phylogenetic analysis is carried out. In trying to widely simulate the evolutionary process which gave rise to the broadening of the query set, genetic algorit hms have been used for production of Multiple Sequence Alignment.This is done by breaking several potential MSAs into pieces and rearranging the pieces repeatedly.Gaps are introduced at several positions.During simulation a common objective function is achieved which is the sum-of-pairs function that emerges in the broad programming Multiple sequence alignment. 1.3 GA (genetic algorithm) used with NN (neural networks) 1.3.1 Evolving weights The frequent use of GA with NN is because genetic algorithms

Information Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 2

Information Systems - Essay Example In spite of maintaining a high performance on the business parameters, Comair was simply grounded for a full 3 days during the peak holiday season because it faced a highly damaging IT risk issue on December 24, 2004, when the company’s Information system for managing the scheduling of the crew and flights crashed. It is impossible for an airline to fly when its mission critical crew scheduling system fails. In case of Comair, this IT failure resulted in a loss of approx $20 million which was actually wiping out it previous quarter earning of $25.7 million. This report is a study in the Comair Information systems and highlights the gaps between the IT strategy and business strategy. The report also attempts to suggest an information system which can take care of the gaps between business and IT strategy so that such failures as mentioned above are prevented as much as possible as well as identifies the people, technology and organization issues which Comair must take into account before building a resilient information system. Comair information system was purchased from SBS international in the year 1986 after union and federal regulations forced Comair to meet higher standards in its management procedures. To comply with the regulations, Comair leased software from SBS International to track & schedule its flight crews. The system worked admirably and was a welcome relief for the staff who were managing the schedule using the pen & paper until then. As the business started growing, Comair felt a need to upgrade its information system as the existing system was written in FORTRAN for which there was no in-house expertise available. Moreover it was the only system using old IBM AIX platform compared to current HP UNIX. Following table lists down the milestones in Comair’s IT journey until Dec 24, 2004 against their business strategy. As can be clearly seen from the comparative

Neutral network and machine learning Research Paper

Neutral network and machine learning - Research Paper Example Problems used to be in form of binary strings of 0s and 1s. Currently, there is usage of other encodings. This evolution normally begins from a group of randomly created phenotypes and this process takes place through generations. During each generation, the fitness of each individual in the population/group is cross examined, multiple phenotypes are chosen from the group as per their fitness and then they are modified and can be randomly mutated to create a new population which is then used in the iteration calculations whose procedure is step-by-step also known as the algorithm. This algorithm is mostly terminated after the production of a maximum number of generations. A fulfilling solution may or may not be accomplished if the algorithm has been terminated when because of a maximum number of generations. The most widely accepted representation of the result is using an array of bits. Any other arrays can be used similarly. What makes the representation that uses genetics convenie nt is the fact that their parts can be aligned conveniently because of their fixed size. This facilitates easy crossover operations. 1.2 Applications and results of Genetic Algorithm 1.2.1Metaheuristic This term is designated from a computational method which optimizes problems through iteration. This iteration tries to improve the solution of a candidate as per a given measure of quality. Few or no assumptions are made about the problem being optimized. As far as candidate solutions are involved it can search very large spaces. However, optimal solutions are not guaranteed to be found by Metaheuristic. Stochastic optimization is mostly implemented in a metaheuristic way. It can also be referred to as: Derivative free Direct search Black box Heuristic optimizer 1.2.2 Computational creativity This is also referred to as artificial, mechanical creativity and sometimes creative computation. It comprises of the bringing together of fields such as cognitive psychology, artificial intelli gence and philosophy. Computational creativity improvises the combinational perspective which allows one to model creativity in form of a search procedure through several possible combinations. These combinations can be as a result of composition of different representations. Cross over representations which capture different inputs can be generated using neural networks and genetic algorithms. 1.2.3 Multiple sequence alignment This refers to a sequence alignment of at least 3 biological sequences namely: Protein Dna Rna Most of the times the sequences are assumed to have an evolutionary relationship through which they are descended from a common ancestor hence share a lineage. As a result, sequence homology can be inferred from the Multiple Sequence Alignment and to look into the sequences’ shared evolutionary origins phylogenetic analysis is carried out. In trying to widely simulate the evolutionary process which gave rise to the broadening of the query set, genetic algorit hms have been used for production of Multiple Sequence Alignment.This is done by breaking several potential MSAs into pieces and rearranging the pieces repeatedly.Gaps are introduced at several positions.During simulation a common objective function is achieved which is the sum-of-pairs function that emerges in the broad programming Multiple sequence alignment. 1.3 GA (genetic algorithm) used with NN (neural networks) 1.3.1 Evolving weights The frequent use of GA with NN is because genetic algorithms

ADVERTISEMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

ADVERTISEMENT - Essay Example In marketing theory, certain product brands focus on the tangible benefits of product in order to gain consumer following and interest. Purell sells its products in a very saturated environment where there are many competing brands such as Johnson and Johnson sanitizers and even many store brands from companies such as Wal-Mart and Walgreens Pharmacy. Because there are so many different products available that provide similar benefits, Purell must use interesting and eye-catching promotional advertising to make their product stand out. There is a marketing concept known as differentiation that is an effort to show consumers how one product can be more effective than another when they have very similar function and benefits. Purell is making its product seem more attractive and exciting using cartoons and clever advertising messages as a means of accomplishing this differentiation. What the company is also attempting to do is remind consumers of the importance of making sure that they are healthy and safe. By making the Purell product seem more menacing, it gives consumers a psychologically-based impression that this brand can accomplish more in their lifestyles. By showing germs that are terrified of being anywhere near the product, it makes it so that they will recall this brand name more quickly over competing brands and, ultimately, reach for Purell. This advertisement also reinforces a belief in effectiveness, even though it maintains many benefits similar to competing products, so that buyers are given the impression that this is a superior product. The clever messages being used in the advertisement also create humor with the consumer. It is usually those that are concerned with health and well-being for themselves and their families that will be buying hand sanitizer products. By using cartoon characters that are fearful of the power of Purell, it also creates psychological connections with those who value