Tips For Writing a Sample Essay For College Scholarships

Tips For Writing a Sample Essay For College ScholarshipsWriting a sample essay is a good way to get more admissions letters to apply for college. A sample essay can help you impress the admissions committee and give them a good idea of what to expect from your application. Below are some tips for writing a good essay:First, make sure that your essay is not too long. It should be no longer than five pages. If it is longer, a college that you are thinking about applying to might reject you.Consider whether you want to use an MLA style or AP style essay. The MLA is a style used by humanities professors. It has a more personal touch to it, whereas the AP style is used by all kinds of faculty. They both provide some good examples.Do not forget to indicate that you are a writer. Include references to your previous writings in your paper. This will show the admissions committee that you are serious about getting into college. So if you want to win a scholarship, this is one important factor .And, consider adding an extra space for a paragraph, an explanation, or a short synopsis. These will provide your essay with a hook.Use precise, professional spelling and grammar. This will help you get the attention of the college that you are interested in attending. No matter where you go, spelling and grammar is important to students. So ensure that you write in a professional manner.By following these tips, you can write a sample essay that will get you noticed. Be sure to include the name of the college in your scholarship application. If you do not include your college name, the admissions committee will not know that you applied to that college.

Beauty Is All A Girl Needs †English Essay

Beauty Is All A Girl Needs – English Essay Free Online Research Papers Beauty Is All A Girl Needs English Essay In many children stories beauty is a highly emphasized trait. Though it many not seem that way, but in stories like Joseph Jacobs’ â€Å"Catskin† or Grimm’s â€Å"Cinderella† beauty is a major factor behind the events of the story. Both stories basically boil down to, if the girl is beautiful, she is going to be fine. In Grimm’s â€Å"Cinderella† the concept of beauty is what it’s all about. When Cinderella is at her house she wears rags and beat up clothes because she is doing all the house work. She is not beautiful because she has to work. But when she is at the wedding and in her lovely dress, everyone notices her and even the prince himself is impressed. â€Å"Her sister and her step mother had no idea who she was. She looked so beautiful in the dress of gold that they thought she must be the daughter of a foreign king.† (Grimm 119). When she puts on her dress she becomes a totally different person, the kind that isn’t supposed to be cleaning the house. She is so beautiful that the prince then goes a quest to find her again. But because she isn’t wearing the dress he can’t be sure. Her now lack of beauty has caused the prince to go around with her sister. Because Cinderella is back in her rags, she can’t be the one from the wed ding. Without her dress on, she once again changes back into the cleaning lady. When the prince does finally find her, she puts her dress back on and changes back into the â€Å"daughter of a foreign king†. And because she is so beautiful she gets to marry the prince and never have to clean again. She doesn’t get married because she is a nice person, funny or anything other sort of trait a person looks for, it’s simple because she was the most beautiful person at the wedding. Joseph Jacobs’ â€Å"Catskin† the young girl had many fine dresses made for her. When she was looking for work she was the same as Cinderella, she wore her catskin dress so she looked like a cleaning lady. But when a ball comes around she sneaks out and puts on her most lovely dress and impresses everyone with her beauty, including the prince. She does this a second time and â€Å"†¦everyone was surprised at so beautiful a face and a form dressed in so rich and rare a dress†¦.† (Jacobs 124). Once again the theme her is, look the best, then the prince will want you and you will never have to do anything ever again. This theme is condensed into about 2 pages but its still as strong. Before she met the prince she was working in the kitchen. In her catskin no one could she here beauty because of her horrible dressing. â€Å"†¦you go among all the fine lords and ladies with your filthy catskin? A fine figure you’d cut!† (Jacobs 12 3). Proving that in the wrong clothing, she is ugly. If it was not for her stash of great dresses she would have never impressed the prince enough. And because she was the most beautiful and married the prince, â€Å"†¦they lived happy ever afterwards.† (Jacobs 125). Once again stressing that if you look good, bag the rich guy, you are all set. Grimm’s â€Å"Cinderella† and Jacobs’ â€Å"Catskin† both show beyond a doubt, that if the you are beautiful you are all set. Women need not have any other real skills, talents or what have you, so long as they are beautiful. And in today society this idea of being as beautiful as you can is being forced on everyone, everyday. Research Papers on Beauty Is All A Girl Needs - English EssayThe Hockey GameHip-Hop is ArtMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoThe Fifth Horseman19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraThree Concepts of PsychodynamicStandardized TestingWhere Wild and West MeetBringing Democracy to Africa

When Is the PreACT 2018 PreACT Test Dates

When Is the PreACT 2018 PreACT Test Dates SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you’re planning to take the ACT, it’s a good idea to take the PreACT, too. This test is essentially a practice ACT for high school sophomores. But exactly when is the PreACT? Are there multiple PreACT test dates you can choose from?We answer these questions and more in this guide. In addition, we give you a few key tips on how to prep for the PreACT. The Short Answer: When Is the PreACT? The exact date on which you can take the PreACT varies depending on the school. Basically, it’s up to each school to decide when (and if) it wants to administer the test. This means that you have no choice when to take the PreACT (it's not like the SAT or ACT for which you can choose a specific test date). If your school or district decides not to offer the PreACT, you won't be able to take it. Schools that do intend to offer it, however, may administer it "any time between September 1 and June 1," according toACT, Inc.In other words, you'll take the testsometime during the school year- never during the summer. Furthermore, you’ll take it at school, most likely on a school day during regular school hours. So no having to wake up early on a Saturday as you need to do for the ACT! The Long Answer: How PreACT Test Dates Work Now for the long answer. There are a few key steps schools must take when deciding whether (and when) to administer the PreACT. Below is the basic timeline: Step 1: Schools Decide Whether to Administer the PreACT First, a school must decide whether it wants to administer the PreACT to students.If it's decided to administer the test, the school then orders the tests directly from ACT, Inc. (Note that students do not order their PreACT tests individually!) If your school hasn’t said anything about holding the PreACT, talk to your guidance counselor to see whether your school will consider offering the test to 10th graders who want to take it. Step 2: Schools Decide When to Hold the PreACT Once a school has chosen to hold the PreACT, it decides when to administer it. Unlike the ACT, which is only offered on certain Saturdays every year, the PreACT is typically held at school on a weekday.The bonus? You’ll be taking the test with students you know at your own school, which can make the testing environment more comfortable for you. As mentioned above, schools may pickany test date between September 1 and June 1.So you could end up taking the PreACT at the start of the school year (similar to the PSAT, which is always offered in October), or you could end up taking it near the end of the school year in May. All of this simply depends on what date your school feels best fits with its schedule. In short, the exact PreACT test date will ultimately be up to your school.Unfortunately, you can’t take the PreACT on a different test date. So if for some reason you’re going to be absent the day of the PreACT, you won’t be able to make it up on a later date. Ifyou’re not sure when your school plans to hold the PreACT,check with your guidance counselor. Step 3: Schools Send Out PreACT Information to 10th Graders In this last step, the school sends out information about the PreACT to its 10th graders. Generally, students will be toldwhen and where the PreACT will be held, how to sign up for it, and how much it’ll cost to take it. The PreACT typically costs $12 per student, but your school might cover all or part of this cost. If you have any questions about how much the test costs or how to register for it, ask your guidance counselor. How to Prep for the PreACT: 3 Essential Tips Now that you understand how PreACT test dates work, you might be wondering whether you should study for the test or just wing it. While the PreACT is certainly not as important as the ACT (or SAT) is, it can be helpful to do some light prep before taking it. This way, you’ll have a clear idea of what ACT score you’re likely to get later on and will be better able to pinpoint your strengths and weaknesses in the major skill areas: English, Math, Reading, and Science. Here are our top three tips for prepping for the PreACT: #1: Learn the Test Format First off, it’s a good idea to spend some time familiarizing yourself with the overall structure of the PreACT. As you might know, the PreACT format is extremely similar to the ACT format: both tests have four main sections (English, Math, Reading, and Science), have similar question types, and use a similar (though not identical) scoring scale (1-35 for the PreACT and 1-36 for the ACT). The only major differences between the PreACT and ACT are as follows: The PreACT is shorter than the ACT: In total, the PreACT is two hours and 10 minutes long (excluding breaks), whereas the ACT is two hours and 55 minutes long (without Writing) and three hours and 35 minutes long (with Writing). The PreACT is slightly easier than the ACT: Since the test is designed as a practice ACT and geared toward 10th graders (instead of 11th and 12th graders, which the ACT targets), its content and overall difficulty is somewhat easier than that on the ACT. The PreACT does not have an essay section: While the ACT includes an optional Writing section at the end of the test, the PreACT has no such writing component. Now, let's take a closer look at the PreACT format: English Math Reading Science Order 1st 2nd 3rd 4th Time 30 minutes 40 minutes 30 minutes 30 minutes # of Questions 45 36 25 (with 3 passages) 30 Time per Question 40 seconds 67 seconds 72 seconds 60 seconds Topics Tested Grammar, punctuation, organization, vocabulary, sentence style Integers, algebra, functions, geometry, statistics and probability Reading comprehension, vocabulary, text-based evidence Scientific reasoning skills, data/charts Sources: 2017-18 PreACT Administration Manual and PreACT Interpretive Guide Note that you’ll also get a 10- to 15-minute break between the Math and Reading sections. For more information about the PreACT, check out the resources ACT, Inc. has on its website. In addition, since the PreACT is so similar to the ACT, I suggest looking at our in-depth guide to the ACT format to further acquaint yourself with the PreACT and ACT structures. #2: Set a PreACT Goal Score A goal score is simply the score you're aiming to get on test day. Setting a goal score for the PreACT can help you figure out not just what type of score you want to get on it but also what score you’d like to eventually get on the ACT.Remember that the two tests share many similarities, including a nearly identical score range, so whatever goal score you have for the PreACT can also be used for the ACT. But how do you set a goal score? For the ACT and SAT, the easiest way to set a goal score is to first figure out what colleges you want to apply to. You can then look up each school’s average score range for admitted applicants (for either the ACT or SAT). We talk more about how to do this in our guides to setting a goal score for the ACT and SAT. As a 10th grader taking the PreACT, though, you likely haven’t finalized your list of colleges just yet. In this case, the best thing to do is to think about what schools you’re considering applying to, even if you’re not 100% sure you’ll actually apply to them. Once you’ve made a list of schools and put them in a chart, start looking up each school’s average ACT score range for admitted applicants. The reason you’ll use ACT scores instead of PreACT scores here is twofold: Colleges don’t look at PreACT scores at all (only ACT/SAT scores), so there is no PreACT score info you can use for your research The PreACT is extremely similar to the ACT- so much so that one score on one test roughly translates to the same score on the other test To look up a school’s average ACT scores, search for â€Å"[School Name] ACT PrepScholar† on Google. Look for the link to your school in our college database and click it to see the 25th, 50th, and 75th percentile ACT scores for that school. Once you’ve filled out your entire chart, look for the highest 75th percentile score in it- this will be your PreACT goal score (as well as your ACT goal score, though this might change as you update and tweak your list of schools). This particular score is your goal score because it's the score most likely to get you accepted to all the schools you're thinking of applying to. #3: Take an Official ACT Practice Test My last piece of advice for your (very light!) PreACT prep plan is to take an official ACT practice test.Unfortunately, there are no official PreACT practice tests currently available.However, since the ACT is so similar to the PreACT, taking a practice ACT should be just as helpful. Just make sure you're aware of the major differences between the two tests. The ACT practice test will be longer and a little more difficultthan the PreACT will be.While this might seem annoying, it's actually a good thing, as it lets you get a better sense of what kinds of questions will be on the ACT. What's more, as a result of challenging yourself, you might score even higher than you thought you would on the PreACT! Another thing to note is how you take the ACT practice test. It's important tomimic actual testing conditions as closely as possible. In other words,take the test in a quiet room, on paper (not on a computer!), and within official ACT time limits. Once finished, score your results. The score you get on the test will be yourbaseline PreACT/ACT score- that is, the score you start with in your ACT prep. You'll use this score, along with your PreACT/ACT goal score, to figure out the number of points you’ll eventually need to improve by in order to hit your ACT target score. Review: When Is the PreACT? Unlike the ACT, there are no PreACT test dates you can choose from. Each school that plans to hold the PreACT chooses when it wants to administer it. Schools may administer the test any time between September 1 and June 1,and most high schoolsadminister it on a school day. Once a school decides when it will administer the PreACT, it will notify students of the opportunity to take it and provide instructions on how to register and pay for the exam. Some schools cover all or part of the PreACT cost, while others don't. The typical cost is $12 per student. Because the PreACT is basically a practice ACT and isn’t used for college admissions, you don’t need to prep too hard for it. (In fact, many students don’t prep at all- this is totally fine!)That said, it doesn’t hurt to do some light prep before you take the PreACT, especially if you’re hoping to eventually get a high score on the ACT as well. For prep, the best steps to take are to learn the format of the PreACT (and ACT), set a combination PreACT/ACT goal score, and take an official ACT practice test to find your baseline score and get a better feel for the test. What’s Next? Got more questions about the PreACT? Our guide covers everything you need to know about the test, including what it is and why it's offered. As you prep for the PreACT, make sure you understand the format of the ACT, too. Knowing this will give you a head start on ACT prep- and possibly a higher PreACT score! Planning to take the SAT instead of the ACT? Then the PSAT will be a better practice test for you. Learn what the PSAT is and get tips on how to prep for it so you can potentially qualify for National Merit! Want to improve your ACT score by 4+ points? Download our free guide to the top 5 strategies you need in your prep to improve your ACT score dramatically.

The British Constitution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The British Constitution - Essay Example This discussion outlines that parliamentary sovereignty is the main feature of British constitution. Though the constitution is unwritten in one single document, it is not entirely unwritten. It is also mostly embedded in the written form through various statutes, judgments and treaties apart from the conventional principles. In countries like the USA whose democratic origin has been very recent, writing constitution for a new country after their independence from British rule was a necessity. But, parliamentary democracy in Britain has a very long history and the Parliament of UK is one of the oldest democratic institutions in the world. After the merger of the Parliament of Scotland in 1707 and Ireland in 1801 with the English Parliament, it has been known as the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The country has an established judiciary system with a long history and the system has been evolving over the period of time mainly based on precedents in the legal landscape. This paper stresses that that parliamentary sovereignty is the fundamental principle of the un-codified British Constitution. There were controversies at the time of UK’s accession to European community based on the concerns that law-making functions could eventually be transferred to the EC Commission and the Council of Ministers. After the accession of the UK to  European Economic Community, European common law has gained preeminence in the UK which is inevitable. In Thoburn v Sunderland City Council it was observed â€Å"All the specific rights and obligations which EU law creates are by the ECA incorporated into our domestic law and rank supreme.

LEGAL ENVIRONMENT 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

LEGAL ENVIRONMENT 3 - Essay Example The pharmaceutical industry in the developed countries is one such industry which has recently been condemned as relentless in the protection of its rights to the extent of infringing on ethical principles and humanity. This has been the major theme of Cooper, Zimmerman and McGinleys report in the Wall Street Journal (2001). The arguments presented therein shall be discussed in the following sections. In Cooper, Zimmerman and McGinleys article (2001) the authors have presented issues related to the controversial legal and ethical debates surrounding pharmaceutical companies of the developed nations. The main arguments are that pharmaceutical companies charge exorbitant prices for their products even in poor countries which cannot afford to buy their medicines. This is especially true in the case of African countries where the major AIDS population depends on imported medicine for curing the disease. No doubt, the stance that the pharmaceutical companies had taken justify their business position nevertheless, one needs to also understand that corporate philanthropy is not limited to charity and donations. It extends to corporate social responsibility as well. Ethically, pharmaceutical companies need to consider the human side of business as well; especially when the majority of their consumers are patients belonging to poor and under developed countries. According to Boateng (2001 ) the Big Pharmas are not the inventors of lifesaving drugs. In fact research indicates that the majority of the drugs researched in the United States and in other developed countries have been public-funded projects which have been entrusted to the private sector pharmaceutical companies for manufacturing and distribution. The campaign against Africa and its generic drug importation is clearly a monopolistic approach to business practice and should be discouraged. Similarly, pharmaceutical companies across the world are pressuring world

Gender Identity Paper Essay Example for Free

Gender Identity Paper Essay The determination of gender identity is much deeper than whether a person is born a male or a female. The exact identifier that separates gender identity is currently unknown but researchers believe that genetics, hormones, reproductive organs, biological, and environmental factors all play a role in distinguishing a person’s gender identity. A person’s physical gender and their sense of gender are formed at two different times in two different parts of the body. A person’s gender is whether they are born male or female, but the way they identify themselves may be the opposite, which is not uncommon and has occurred since the beginning of time. In culture males are known to be the stronger, more aggressive sex, while females are the fairer, more nurturing sex. Usually, by the age of four, individuals have identified their gender identities aside from what gender they were born as physically. Throughout this paper, I will discuss the biological factors of gender identity (nature), environmental factors (nurture), and the role between hormones and behavior, and how these interactions all affect the determination of one’s gender identity. Gender identification begins to develop while the fetus is in the beginning stages of development. Between weeks six and twelve of gestation is when the fetus begins developing reproductive organs and that is when the fetus takes on the role of male or female. Hormones are produced in both the nervous system and the endocrine system and are transported through the blood stream. Specifically, hormones are chemicals that combine and respond to certain cell receptors. Hormones like testosterone and androgen are mainly found in the male gender while estrogen is mainly found in the female gender. Testosterone is a contributing factor to behaviors like aggression. â€Å"Gender identity, an individual’s self-awareness of maleness or femaleness, and gender role, are programmed for the child within his mother’s womb,† (Institute of Medicine, 2006). Evidence has shown that the female gender is likely to excel in verbal skills and muscular coordination when their production of estrogen is high rather than when it is low. For men, they are stronger and more aggressive when their testosterone levels are high and they are able to perform better in actions that require physical performance. The nature side of the theory relies on prenatal hormones that modify the brain and peripheral tissue and the development of male or female external genitalia. Although a person may have a certain physical gender, their gender role is the adoption of masculine or feminine behavioral traits that are appropriate for that specific sex. Gender identity differs from the gender role because it is an individual’s personal sense of sex, which is not necessarily their physical gender. There are multiple stages from childhood to adulthood when hormones are present that are identifiable of a specific gender. The pituitary gland (or hypophysis) secretes many hormones during puberty including adrenocorticotropic hormones, growth hormones, gonadotrophins, prolactin, and thyroid stimulating hormones. Gonadotrophins, which include luteinizing and follicle stimulating hormones, stimulate sex hormone production in the ovaries or testes and also lead to egg and sperm maturity. Prolactin stimulates milk production and adrenocorticotropic hormones stimulate the adrenal glands to secrete steroid hormones like cortisol. All of these hormones play a major role in sexual development and an individual’s determination of gender identity. Environmental factors of gender identity arise as soon as the individual is born. Everything from a female child wearing a pink dress to a male child having a sports themed blanket can play a role in their gender identity. Sociologists believe that by the age of five years old, females show a preference for dolls, arts and crafts, and playing dress up while males prefer cars, blocks, tools, and outdoor play. â€Å"The environment has a direct relation to personality traits, because characteristic adaptations are always involved in expression,† (Nature over Nurture, 2000). At a young age, children who are taught that traits and activities are appropriate or inappropriate for them to perform because of their gender tend to absorb those teachings and are influenced by them later in life. For example, young girls who are raised believing boys are innately better at sports than girls, may disclaim their interest in sports and go on to believe they are not good at them without pract icing them to their full potential. Both males and females have proven to be great athletes but if at a young age, a girl is told she will never be as good as a boy she may never give sports and athleticism a chance. Young children learn by observations, if a young girl witnesses her mother performing the acts of a man then she will repeat those acts and believe that is what is appropriate for her. The same goes for the male gender, if a little boy observes his father doing something that a woman is more likely to do like sewing or interior decorating then that is what the little boy will believe is expected of him upon adulthood. â€Å"For instance, the way in which one educates children, how children in institutions such as orphanages are raised, and the kinds of day-care are considered optimal have all been influenced by one’s understanding of the interaction of biology and environment regarding gender identity,† (Kowalski Westen, 2005). The previous statement is very true because children observe many things that one may never think would make any difference but in reality they do. Nature factors include everything from what kind of parents raise the child, what roles they perform, the culture, and even the color of paint on the child’s walls all make a difference in the child’s personal gender identity. I believe that between nature and nurture and their influence on gender identity, nature has a greater influence. For example, if a perfectly healthy little girl with no hormone disorders is raised with a single father and only brothers with no immediate influence of females, she is more likely to become a tomboy and take on the gender identity that resembles that of her father’s or brothers’. The same reference goes for a boy raised with a single mother and only sisters with no immediate influence of a male figure in his life. Matthew Wolfe-Meyer makes a valid point when saying, â€Å"nature and its contestation is a dominant strategy†¦ unfortunately nurture fails to receive similar scrutiny and culture is more often used as an explanatory device than deeply interrogated for its logistics.† Often times when a child is going through puberty and takes on the role of the opposite gender, many people jump to the hypothesis that there may be something wrong with their hormones or a chemical imbalance but before jumping to that conclusion, they should look at their home life, how was the child raised, what was their environment like and from there they will find many answers. All children naturally comply with the demands of their internal sense of gender without effort. If the child becomes confused with their gender then they often refer to behaviors of adults near them and they learn what actions are appropriate for them relatively quick. Environmental factors bear a critical amount of effectiveness in gender identity but because environmental factors are ever changing, it proves that the nurture theory is a substantial factor. Currently, psychologists and researchers do not know the exact causes of gender identity and individuals taking on the opposite roles. But there are many factors that support both sides of the nature versus nurture argument. The male and female genders each have differences in many areas both physical and emotional but neither is â€Å"better† than the other. By the age of four years old each child already has an idea of who they are and what gender they belong to. Gender confusion is normal but most children are able to look at parents or acting influences in their lives and see what the appropriate actions are for their gender. Nature versus nurture has and will continue to be a strong argument. References: McCrae, R. R., Costa, P. r., Ostendorf, F., Angleitner, A., HÃ…â„¢ebà ­Ã„ kovà ¡, M., Avia, M. D., Smith, P. B. (2000). Nature over nurture: Temperament, personality, and life span development. Journal Of Personality And Social Psychology, 78(1), 173-186. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.78.1.173 Matthew Wolf-Meyer. (2007). Complexities: Beyond nature and nurture. Anthropologica, 49(2), 325-327. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/214174663?accountid=35812 Money, J. (1971). Differentiation of gender identity and gender role. Psychiatric Annals, 1(4), 32-37,42-43,8-9. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/894195162?accountid=35812 (2006). Institute of medicine (us) committee on assessing interactions among social, behavioral, and genetic factors in health. Washington DC: National Academies Press (US). Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK19934/

Alcoholism and The Human Body Essay -- Addiction to Alcohol

Alcoholism a struggle in life where around the world many people must deal with every day. What is addiction and how does it affect the body? Although defined in many ways, it is believed by some that addiction is a disease of the brain that can cause a dependence upon or a continuing, compelling need to use a habit-forming substance despite harmful consequences and may also be characterized by the increasing need for more of the substance or activity in order to obtain the same effect. Many changes take place within a body that consumes high doses of alcohol which can sometimes have long lasting, permanent, or even detrimental effects. Many research studies on the topic of alcoholism continue to be performed as a means to benefit society as a whole and to give help for those individuals and families who are in desperate need. In order for the proper assistance to be developed for those with a need for treatment there is much that needs to be understood about the disease of alco holism; at its most basic level, the cellular level. This is quite a task to be sure since we are all human beings and with much the same physiology, however, because of the subtle yet various differences in each of our body’s chemistry, as well as our social environments, this can make treatment that one person receives very different from the treatment of another. Therefore, determining the best possible treatments can be a challenge which is where research plays a very important part. The following choices of articles call attention to a few different kinds of detailed research and their discoveries made about alcoholism and its affect on the human body. It is this kind of information which allows physicians to come up with the best possible t... ...96. American Psychological Association, 1089-2680/10/$12.00. doi: 10.1037/a0021526. Kiefer, F., & Mann, K. (2005). New achievements and pharmacotherapeutic approaches in the treatment of alcohol dependence. European Journal of Pharmacology, 526(1-3), 163–171. Schwabe, L., Dickinson, A., & Wolf, O. T. (2011). Stress, habits, and drug addiction: A psychoneuroendocrinological perspective. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 19(1), 53–63. American Psychological Association, 1064-1297/11/$12.00. doi: 10.1037/a0022212 . Tomberg, C. (2010). Alcohol pathophysiology: Circuits and molecular mechanisms. Journal of Psychophysiology, 24(4), 215–230. doi: 10.1027/0269-8803/a000035. Tomberg, C. (2010). Categories of alcohol consumers: Definitions and criteria of alcohol addiction. Journal of Psychophysiology, 24(4), 213–214. doi: 10.1027/0269-8803/a000034.